Let A = syntax error, B = logic error. (1) Find P[A] and P[B]: P[B]=P[A∩B]P[A|B]=0.160.4=0.4P[A]=P[A∩B]P[B|A]=0.160.5=0.32 (2) Check the independence condition: P[A]⋅P[B]=0.32⋅0.4=0.128≠0.16=P[A∩B]⇒NOT independent