Let A = syntax error, B = logic error.

(1) Find P[A] and P[B]:

P[B]=P[AB]P[A|B]=0.160.4=0.4P[A]=P[AB]P[B|A]=0.160.5=0.32

(2) Check the independence condition:

P[A]P[B]=0.320.4=0.1280.16=P[AB]NOT independent